Friendships: Men vs Women

A little joke about the difference between friendships between women and men. Funny and True!

Friendship between women: A woman doesn’t come home one night. The next day she tells her husband that she had slept over at a girlfriend’s house. The husband calls his wife’s 10 best friends. None of them know anything about it.

Friendship between men: A man doesn’t come home one night. The next day he tells his wife that he had slept over at a friend’s house. The wife calls her husband’s 10 best men friends. Eight of them confirm that he had slept over, and two claim that he is still there.

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Church seeking drinks licence

A vicar is to apply for a drinks licence so he can sell wine and beer at his small village church.

The Reverend Geraint ap Iorwerth could be made licensee of St Peter ad Vincula Church in Pennal, near Machynlleth, close to the Powys-Gwynedd border.

He joked that there were plans to serve more than just spirits, though, with lager and wine on the menu too. Mr ap Iorwerth said he might also open a bar with proper pub-style pumps in a new church cafe in the future. But at the moment the licence is needed to sell and serve drinks at parish functions such as concerts, weddings or christenings.

The vicar will go to magistrates’ court next month to apply for the licence. Mr ap Iorwerth said: "It is quite common for larger churches and cathedrals to apply for a licence, and we want to make sure we are within the law. I would love to think that at certain times of the year people could come down in the evening to have a drink

"We have plans to serve lager and red and white wine - that is what the average punter wants." He added: "We also want to serve drinks at a cafe at the rear of the church. "We have also received requests from people planning weddings who would like drinks and canapés after their service and before the reception. "It would be nice to serve drinks at concerts, Christmas and New Year’s Eve too.

"A small bar is a possibility. I would love to think that at certain times of the year people could come down in the evening to have a drink." ’Sharing bread’ Earlier this month, the Archbishop of Wales Dr Barry Morgan told a conference in Llandudno that churches should "think creatively" about facilities. The Church in Wales said St Peter ad Vincula Church had a gallery cafe so the licence would enable it to serve alcohol to customers.

"The Church in Wales welcomes initiatives such as this which encourage people to come to churches and to see them as places where they can relax, socialise and share food and drink," said a spokeswoman. "Indeed, sharing bread and wine is an essential part of the Christian ministry. "We see alcohol, taken in moderation and used responsibly, as something to enjoy with others."

But Carol Bodza of Glansychan stores and off-licence and Susan Crossley of the Riverside Hotel in Pennal, oppose Mr ap Iorwerth’s plans. Mrs Bodza said: "We have no objection to the cafe, but I don’t see why he (Mr ap Iorwerth) needs to apply for a licence to sell alcohol. "Both our off-licence and the hotel is less than 100 yards away from the church and we feel this could affect our business."

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World Fattest Child??

The child eats 10,000 calories a day, she cannot walk or bear physical strain and his cardiovascular system is at risk. Seven-year-old Jessica Gaude differs greatly from her pals. With 222 kilograms, she is the fattest child in the world.

She eats 10,000 calories each day in Coca-Colas, 15 hamburgers with fries and several kilograms of chocolate. What she eats in one day some children eat in half a year. Her breakfast consists of white bread, potato chips and two litres of coke. And she wants more. When she last visited the doctor four years ago she had 110 kilograms. Unfortunately, she can no longer run and instead of walking she drags herself on the floor. Under such bodily weight her bones have already become distorted.

Mother Carolyn gives her daughter whatever the child wants. In the first week after she was born, when the baby cried because of stomach pains, the mother calmed her by feeding her with a bottle because she thought the child was hungry. “I gave her the bottle and she wanted more and more. It was not enough for her and she was constantly hungry”, Jessica’s mother says.

The doctors warn that the child’s health is already dangerously at risk and could die if not treated. Unfortulately, Jessica’s mother does not understand medicine, her child is prescious to her and continues to feed her sweets.

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Dirtiest Cities of the World

Forbes’ top ten list is remarkable for many reasons. The first is that most of the dirtiest cities of the world are placed in developing or struggling nations such as Africa and Russia. The second is that many of the named cities are still labouring to rid themselves of environmental disasters incurred by Western interests or corporate factions in the name of the almighty dollar. The third is that the bulk of the world’s dirtiest cities just keep getting dirtier due to less than strategic plans for waste management, pollutant reduction and industrial regulations. Though residents of cleaner cities in the world may not realize it, the dirtiest cities affect everyone in the world by contributing to global warming, ozone deficiency and overall environmental health. In a global community, it is up to the fortunate to help those with less-whether it be food, money or clean living conditions.

The number one city on the list is the infamous Chernobyl, Ukraine, which was awarded the dubious honour for the seething radiation that still pervades the city’s soil after the nuclear reactor accident over 20 years ago. There is no limit to the laundry list of of Chernobyl’s pollutants: uranium, plutonium, radioactive iodine, cesium-137, strontium and other heavy or radioactive metals are still found in astromical levels in the 19-mile exclusion zone that has been cordoned off since the reactor went off. The amount of radiation leaked was 100 times the levels released in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Chernobyl’s 135,000 citizens have been evacuated and relocated to an area outside of the reactor zone, which is far from clean by Western standards. Chernobyl has been on the top of the list of dirty cities since the accident and the pervasion of pollutants seems to indicate that it will remain there for years, if not decades, to come.

Second on the list is Dzerzinsk. Russia, which achieved prominence during the Cold War when it became a central spot for the manufacture and storage of chemical weapons. Unfortunately, these weapons were disposed of poorly and the toxic chemicals that leaked from them has resulted in tons of dangerous chemical waste infiltrating the ground water and the city’s water supply. In a population of over 300,000, the death rate in the city is over 2.6 times the birth rate.

Haina in the Dominican Republic nabs the third spot due to a former battery plant no longer in operation in the region. The plant caused high soil levels of lead in the entire region, which is negatively affecting the over 85, 000 citizens who live in the area.

The rest of the list includes: Kabwe, Zambia; La Oroyo, Peru; Linfen, China; Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan; Norlisk, Russia; Ranipet, India; and Rudnaya Pristan, Russia.

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The Coolest Place on Earth

Antarctica is a special place, no matter how you look at it. It’s the highest, driest, coldest, and windiest continent, for starters. One way that it’s very special is its position, squatting right on the south end of the Earth.

To begin with, the seventh continent is in the middle of its own lithospheric plate, completely isolated from other continents. It was part of Gondwanaland throughout the Paleozoic, stuck together with Africa, South America, Australia, and India. But then during the Jurassic that supercontinent slowly broke up over a hundred million years, until Australia split from it and left Antarctica alone, beginning in the Eocene about 50 million years ago. You can follow the history at the Paleomap Project site.

Ever since that time, the ocean has surrounded it on all sides, turning around it in a great westward current. Antarctica has gotten colder and colder, cooling the rest of the planet along with it. Over the years, it has accumulated a gigantic layer of ice to a height of 3,000 meters. That huge central mound stands up nearly halfway through the atmosphere, so like a bald-headed man with no hat, it loses heat directly to outer space. The cold air that results flows right off the ice cap by gravity, picking up speed as it goes, until the resulting katabatic winds roar off the continent’s edge onto the sea.

The cold winds freeze the seawater, building up immense areas of solid pack ice every Antarctic winter. The water left behind is saltier and, because salty water is denser than the rest of the ocean, it sinks and slowly moves northward on the seafloor to the rest of the world.

Throughout most of geologic time, the Earth has had a warmer and more equable climate than today. Large areas of the continents were covered by shallow seas, where the limestones and shales and coal measures we see today were laid down. Antarctica has been keeping the world cool lately, though, and by piling up more and more ice, it has drawn down the level of the sea. I’m grateful for that, because I like dry land.

Antarctica is not really responsible for the ice ages we’ve been living through for the past few million years, though. For that, you might blame Panama, which rose out of the water about 3 million years ago and cut off the Atlantic from the Pacific Ocean. Now we have a complicated setup, involving Greenland with its ice cap and currents in the north Atlantic Ocean, that seems to switch back and forth between a cold-climate state and a warmer state, where we are today.

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Top 5 Oil companies in the World

Anti-corruption group Transparency International released the list of the world’s most and least corrupt oil companies on April 28.

The TI study was based on 42 oil companies from 21 countries. The report placed these 42 oil and gas companies into three tiers based on their level of transparency in revenue disclosure. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation was the only Indian oil company to feature in the list. Interestingly while ONGC was placed in Tier I as far as disclosures at home were concerned, TI placed it in Tier III in the overseas disclosure segment.

ONGC, officials, however maintained that the overseas arm was a separate entity named ONGC Videsh (OVL) and not ONGC. The TI report, however, makes no mention of OVL. While Royal/Dutch Shell, Brazil’s Petrobras, Norway’s StatoilHydro, BG Group of UK and Petro-Canada were among the best performing companies, the TI report clubbed China’s CNOOC and CNPC, Russia’s Lukoil and US-based ExxonMobil Corp in the lowest tier for disclosing information only by geographical segment and providing almost no additional information.

Read on to find out more about some of the world�s most and the least transparent oil and gas companies.

1. Royal Dutch Shell PLC

Shell is a worldwide group of oil, gas and petrochemical companies with interests in biofuels, wind and solar power and hydrogen. In December 31, 2007, the company’s income from continuing operations stood at $355,782 million in 2007.

The company’s first-quarter net profits in 2008 leapt 25 per cent to $9.08 billion because of record-breaking crude oil prices. Net earnings on a current cost of supply basis, excluding fluctuations in the value of inventories, were up 12 per cent to $7.78 billion compared to the same period of 2007.

Shell PLC along with BP PLC, Europe’s two biggest oil producers, recently posted forecast-busting first-quarter profit of $17 billion, thanks to record crude oil prices. The two companies’ combined profits reignited calls for a windfall tax on oil profits as consumers struggled to pay for food and fuel.

2. Petrobras

Petrobras is one of the major oil and natural gas companies of Brazil with extensive overseas reach.

The company’s market value increased by 87 per cent in 2007. However, the company’s consolidated net income in 2007 was 17 per cent less than in 2006, primarily because of monetary exchange corrections. Petrobras’ consolidated net income in the final quarter of the same year too fell by 9 per cent over the 3Q-2007, corresponding to the reduction in the operating result.

The company’s average oil and gas production remained very close to 2006 levels, since four of the five new production projects installed in 2007 only commenced operations in the final quarter. In December 2007, however, the company set a record for a day’s oil output in Brazil of 2,000,238 barrels.

3. StatoilHydro

StatoilHydro is a Fortune 50 integrated oil and gas company based in Norway. The StatoilHydro group is one of the largest net exporters of crude oil in the world. The company plays an important role in CO2 capture and storage.

The company’s revenue for the year 2006 stood at NOK 431,112 million, whereas income before financial items, income taxes and minority interest stood at NOK 114,449 million and net income at NOK 39,065 million.

4. BG Group

BG Group has operations in some 27 countries over five continents. While the company’s headquarters are in the United Kingdom, over 65 per cent of the talented professionals who make up the BG team are located outside the UK. BG Group is a publicly listed company on the London Stock Exchange and is also listed on the US over-the-counter market known as ’International OTCQX’. The company has posted very strong results for the first quarter of 2008 driven by increased E&P and LNG volumes and improved realisations.

5. Petro-Canada

Petro-Canada is one of Canada’s largest oil and gas companies, operating in both upstream and the downstream sectors of the industry in Canada and internationally.

Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, the company employs more than 5,600 employees around the world. Petro-Canada announced on April 29 first quarter operating earnings of $899 million ($1.86/share), compared with $580 million ($1.17/share) in the first quarter of 2007.

First quarter 2008 cash flow from operating activities before changes in non-cash working capital was $1,852 million ($3.83/share), compared with $1,166 million ($2.35/share) in the same quarter of last year. The company’s net earnings were $1,076 million ($2.22/share) in the first quarter of 2008, compared with $590 million ($1.19/share) in the same period of 2007.

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The 57-year-old man suspended for surfing porn at work

TOKYO (Reuters) - A city bureaucrat in western Japan was suspended from his job after officials discovered he visited porn websites at work almost every day, often spending hours gazing at nude photos, a city official said.

The 57-year-old man, who was working in the construction division of Kinokawa City in Wakayama, surfed porn sites from an office computer almost every day for eight months from June 2007, spending up to three hours a day on the websites, said Kazuhiko Ueyama, a Kinokawa City official.

Angered citizens called city hall all day on Friday, saying the suspension was not enough, he added.The city only found out about his activities in February when it noticed that his computer had picked up the same virus repeatedly from the sites, Ueyama said.

"These were foreign ’adult sites’ and they got through the security net" that the city had installed for its computers, he said."The man apologized each time we spoke to him, but we couldn’t quite get him to explain to us why he did this," Ueyama added.The bureaucrat was suspended from the office for three months and was demoted as of Thursday, Ueyama said.

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Birth of the Internet

Internet refers to an interconnection of networks. It is a connection among computer networks that provides direct communication among the connected computers. It is composed of multiple networks that are combined by a common protocol that performs the addressing function for networks. Intranets are smaller Internets utilized in a single organization.

The Internet began as a Cold War military technology. It was a way for military computers to communicate over long distances. Other institutions, such as universities and hospitals began to associate their computers through the Internet during the 1970s and 1980s.

With the arrival of the World Wide Web in the late 1980s, consumers and commercial businesses interacted with the Internet. The quantity of computer users getting "connected" increased rapidly after the first appearance of browsers in the 1990s. By early 1996, more than 25 million computers in over 180 countries were interconnected through the Internet and it continued to grow at a dramatic rate. More and more people use the network for "information", a theoretical goal of computer communications to grant businesses, libraries, homes, schools, and any other institution universal access to valuable information.

ARPA

After the Soviet Union’s 1957 launch of Sputnik1 (the first craft on the earth’s orbit), President Dwight D. Eisenhower saw the need for the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). This organization brought together some of the most brilliant people of America. They were the ones who designed the United States’ first satellite successfully in 18 months. Many years later, this agency began to concentrate on communications technology and computer networking.

Dr. J.C.R. Licklider was chosen to lead ARPA’s research in developing the military’s use of computer technology during 1962. Licklider’s goal was to make the government’s employment of computers more dynamic. Licklider saw the necessity to move ARPA’s contracts from the secluded sector to universities, and to establish the basis for what would later become the "ARPAnet".

ARPANET

The ARPANET, Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency was created by the Bolt Beranek and Newman Company (BBN) twelve years after the Sputnik1. ARPANET’s primitive aim was to design a network secure enough to oppose a nuclear attack during the Cold War. The Internet was initiated by the ARPANET in 1969 at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The agency’s objective was to establish a connection, through computers, that would allow scientists at different universities to share research and information.

The first switch that provided communication utilized was developed at BBN, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but ARPANET mostly used packet switching developed by Rand Corporation in 1962 to route messages. Packet switching organized information into "packets." Each packet was held user, addressing and error checking information. This kind of communication switching allowed the usage of a same data line by various computers. It also allowed data to transfer to other computers if one computer went down in the packet network.

TCP/IP

In 1974, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), the protocol used on the Internet, was developed. This Internet Protocol is the fundamental software employed to control the Internet. This protocol specifies how data is routed from one computer to the another. The Transmission Control Protocol verifies whether or not the information arrived at the designated computer and if not, makes sure that the information is sent again. American computer scientist Vinton Cerf built these protocols in 1973. This project was sponsored by the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

During the early years of the 1980s, the Internet became more popular as more sites were added to ARPANET. Even though the ARPANET had shut down by 1984, the usage of the Internet was spreading. The Internet was transferred from the ARPANET to the National Science Foundation. By this year an estimation of 500 computers were "connected" (using the Internet).

The Early Internet

The Internet was completely textual and in black and white. All tasks had to be done by using commands of computer language, such as UNIX, developed by Bell Laboratories in 1972. Users actually had to learn computer language commands to be able to use the Internet unless they possessed certain computer skills. However, the appearances of new resources simplified the use of this network.

The coming of the World Wide Web (WWW), developed by English computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee for the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in the year of 1989, caused major impact in the advancement of computer science. The Web is a group of files, called Web sites or Web pages. It made "surfing" the Internet more simple and interesting. Each of these web sites includes pictures, buttons, and highlighted words or phrases to click on to issue commands. One did not require computer skills. There was no need to learn computer language commands. Information was now available in various forms: sound, graphics, text, and video; and in diverse colors.

The Browser

In 1993, browsers were included in the network. The Mosaic browser was designed at the University of Illinois as an easier way to access the World Wide Web. The browsers were menu-driven, for example: Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer, which provide the users a "menu" of choices; or graphical "buttons" that provide computer users with an simpler way of telling the computer what to do.

Illustration 1-1 is an example of the way the Internet window might appear. This illustration also presents the different graphics, "buttons," and words or phrases used as shortcuts to issue commands. The distinct pull-down menus (file, edit, help, etc.) had the function of facilitating the user’s task. To issue a command the user simply had to click on the drop-down menu and it would display a number of commands that a user could choose from.

Internet Services

There are many Internet services. In the early 90s, people were able to move from web site to web site (browsers); connect their computers to the Internet with Home Pages (hosting); talk through the Web (HTML); and store and receive messages (email).

Hosting

A Web host is the main computer at which documents that users read on the WWW are located. Hosts are the computers through which people "publish" or show credentials on the World Wide Web. These hosts are generally located at corporations, cities, large universities, and Internet service providers.

HTML

It is a tool used to write documents that are to be published on the Web. The HTML was accessible in 1991. This word processing software has its own fixed HTML commands that are used for creating Web sites.

Email

Also called the electronic mail. It is a "mail" based on computers; a computerized mail. It allows the computer to send, store and receive messages. The engineer, Ray Tomlinson, created it in 1972, at BBN in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Internet
No one organization actually owns the Internet. It is just a worldwide arrangement of connecting computer networks. However, it is run by many organizations, such as: Network Solutions Inc., Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), the Internet Society (ISOC), etc.

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Why Should you Travel to Nepal?

Nepal is a land locked country. Although small, the country attracts huge amount of tourists every year. Tourism is the main foreign currency earning sector of Nepal. Below is given ten reasons why you should visit Nepal:

1) Out of the ten highest mountains of the world, seven is situated in Nepal.

2) Nepal is rich in natural diversity. The total land area of Nepal is 147,181square kilometer. There are flat lands, hilly regions and mountains. Not many small countries offer such diverse landscape. On the north there are the Himalyas, on the south flat lands with greeneries, and in between are the hilly regions.

3) If you are looking for adventure then Nepal has got just the right thing for you. For example, you can do mountain trekking and biking, paragliding, ultra light flights, bungee jumping, rock climbing, adventure treks, caving, canyon swings, Himalayan motorcycle tours and so on. Rafting in the Trisuli, the Kali Gandaki, and the Marsyangdi rivers is not a child’s play.

4) If you enjoy watching wild life and flora and fauna then Nepal has ten national parks. It has also resorts situated in the forest. The one horned rhino and great Royal Bengal Tigers are found in Nepal.

5) If you are a traveler looking for enlightenment and spiritualism then you can visit the Buddhist monasteries and blessed by the monks. Buddhism and Hinduism are the two main religions of Nepal. You can visit Lumbini, which is the birth place of Lord Buddha.

6) Nepal has all the facilities for Western travelers. In the capital of Kathmandu, there are bars, taverns, nightclubs and various other attractions. In addition, various international festivals are also held in Nepal.

7) Golfing is another great attraction of Nepal. Most of the golf courses are situated by the hill side in Kathmandu and Pokhara valleys. These golf courses are designed in European and American style.

8) All kinds of hotels, from one start to five stars are available in Nepal. If you are thinking about travel expense, then you do not need to worry at all. Nepal tourism has facilities for all kinds of people. You can go to Hotel Nepal.com for detail information.

9) Nepalist tourism agencies provide various kinds of tourism for couples and families and for individual travelers.

10) Last but not the least, shopping in Nepal can be fun. There are many tourist shops in Kathmandu where one can find jewelries, handmade or painted pictures and a wide range of handicrafts. In addition, there are village shops where you can find various products made by local craftsmen.

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The Oldest Language in the World

Sankrit language which is not the origin of all Indian languages. Yes it is to the Indo Aryan languages like Hindi and punjabi but not to the indgenious Languages like Tamil a mother of all other languages like Malayalm ,Telugu Kannadam and etc,,,,

Many people will say that Sankskrit was used for writing religious stuffs and etc.. but we all have to understand that the creators of the sanskrit are the Aryans who were intruders to the Indian soil and the illiterate Aryans learnt the arts and lit frm the Dravdians of the indus valley the oldest civilisation ,who spoke the native language Tamil.

Then after the Aryans fabricated Hinduism and and forced their created Sanskrit and stuff like the caste system in Hinduism, these are well known facts, the birth of sanskrit is only during the 1500bc after the arrival of the Aryans.

The birth of Tamil Language is unknown but one of the earliest text is even dating back 5000bc, which clearly speaks for itself,Tamil as the OLDEST LANGUAGE.

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Myths and Facts about Vaccination.

MYTH #1: "Vaccines are completely safe..."

TRUTH #1: "Vaccination causes significant death and disability at an astounding personal and financial cost to families and taxpayers."

MYTH #2: "Vaccines are very effective..."

TRUTH #2: "Evidence suggests that vaccination is an unreliable means of preventing disease."

MYTH #3: "Vaccines are the main reason for low disease rates in the world today..."

TRUTH #3: "It is unclear what impact vaccines had on the infectious disease declines that occurred throughout this century."

MYTH #4: "Vaccination is based on sound immunization theory and practice..."

TRUTH #4: "Many of the assumptions upon which immunization theory and practice are based have been proven false in their application."

MYTH #5: "Childhood diseases are extremely dangerous..."

TRUTH #5: "Dangers of childhood diseases are greatly exaggerated in order to scare parents into compliance with a questionable but profitable procedure."

MYTH #6: "Polio was one of the clearly great vaccination success stories..."

TRUTH #6: "Vaccines caused substantial increases in polio after years of steady declines, and they are the sole cause of polio in the world today."

MYTH #7: "My child had no short-term reaction to vaccination, so there is nothing to worry about..."

TRUTH #7: "The long term adverse effects of vaccinations have been virtually ignored, in spite of direct correlations with many chronic conditions."

MYTH #8: "Vaccines are the only disease prevention option available..."

TRUTH #8: "Documented safe and effective alternatives to vaccination have been available for decades but suppressed by the medical establishment."

MYTH #9: "Vaccinations are legally mandated, and thus unavoidable..."

TRUTH #9: "Legal exemptions from vaccinations are obtainable for most - but not all."

MYTH #10: "Public health officials always place health above all other concerns..."

TRUTH #10: Ha ha ha ha!!!

For Full Details, Source: http://www.relfe.com/vaccine.html

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How to save Energy?

Sunlight can be used in many ways to save energy. Use a solar water heater instead of an electric geyser. A 100 litre solar water heater can save around 1500 units of electricity every year.

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How to efficiently save Power?

Simply turning off your television, stereo, computer, fans, lights when you are not using them will save you thousands of kilograms of carbon dioxide a year.

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Beware, Your Processor will be hacked Soon.

American technologists have warned that hackers may soon start using malicious hardware in place of computer viruses to steal important records like credit card details and passwords from their victim’s PCs.

Samuel King, an expert from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, says that such malicious hardware will be much more difficult to detect as compared to computer worms. He and his colleagues have shown that they could gain control of a computer by adding malicious circuits to its processor.

Since such circuits interfere with the computer at a deeper level than a virus, they effectively operate ’below the radar’ of anti-virus software. For determining the risk from malicious hardware, the researchers designed their own malicious circuits.

The research team used a processor called a field programmable gate array (FPGA), whose logic circuits can be rearranged, to create a replica of an existing open source processor called Leon3, which contains around 1.7 million circuits.

About 1000 malicious circuits, not present in Leon3, were then added. The researchers observed that the circuits allowed them to bypass security controls on Leon3 in a similar way to how a virus hands control of a computer to a hacker, but without requiring a flaw in a software application.

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Time's 100 most influential people

Congress president Sonia Gandhi, Industrialist Ratan Tata and PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi were the three Indians who have made it to the Time magazine’s 2008 list of the world’s 100 most influential people that also included Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama and Chinese President Hu Jintao.

Gandhi,the only Indian politician to make the cut, has been listed in the category of leaders and revolutionaries while Nooyi and Tata figure in the list of Builders and Titans.

The Time said the story of Gandhi(61) is "remarkable at every level" and its narrative about the Congress leader has a fairy-tale element.

The magazine said the most appropriate way to describe Nooyi(52) is as a "world class leader". Her sharp strategic mind, tremendous market insight and humanitarian contributions all combined to make her a rare executive among the global corporate giants, it said.

Tata(70) was hailed for unveiling his tiny Re one lakh car ’Nano’.

The list covers leaders and revolutionaries, heroes and pioneers, scientists and thinkers, aristes and entertainers and builders and titans who are perceived to have a made a profound impact on the world.

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50 ways to save the Planet

“Going green” doesn’t have to be a daunting task that means sweeping life changes. Simple things can make a difference.

The contents of this list might not be new, but they bear repeating. Sometimes it takes a few reminders for things take root.

• CHANGE YOUR LIGHT
  If every household in the United State replaced one regular light bulb with one of those new compact fluorescent bulbs, the pollution reduction would be equivalent to removing one million cars from the road.
  

  Don’t like the color of light? Use these bulbs for closets, laundry rooms and other places where it won’t irk you as much.

• TURN OFF COMPUTERS AT NIGHT
  By turning off your computer instead of leaving it in sleep mode, you can save 40 watt-hours per day. That adds up to 4 cents a day, or $14 per year. If you don’t want to wait for your computer to start up, set it to turn on automatically a few minutes before you get to work, or boot up while you’re pouring your morning cup ‘o joe.

• DON’T RINSE
  Skip rinsing dishes before using your dishwasher and save up to 20 gallons of water each load. Plus, you’re saving time and the energy used to heat the additional water.

• DO NOT PRE-HEAT THE OVEN
  Unless you are making bread or pastries of some sort, don’t pre-heat the oven. Just turn it on when you put the dish in. Also, when checking on your food, look through the oven window instead of opening the door.

• RECYCLE GLASS
  Recycled glass reduces related air pollution by 20 percent and related water pollution by 50 percent. If it isn’t recycled it can take a million years to decompose.

• DIAPER WITH A CONSCIENCE
  By the time a child is toilet trained, a parent will change between 5,000 and 8,000 diapers, adding up to approximately 3.5 million tons of waste in U.S. landfills each year. Whether you choose cloth or a more environmentally-friendly disposable, you’re making a choice that has a much gentler impact on our planet.

• HANG DRY
  Get a clothesline or rack to dry your clothes by the air. Your wardrobe will maintain color and fit, and you’ll save money.
  

  Your favorite t-shirt will last longer too.

• GO VEGETARIAN ONCE A WEEK
  One less meat-based meal a week helps the planet and your diet. For example: It requires 2,500 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef. You will also also save some trees. For each hamburger that originated from animals raised on rainforest land, approximately 55 square feet of forest have been destroyed.

• WASH IN COLD OR WARM
  If all the households in the U.S. switched from hot-hot cycle to warm-cold, we could save the energy comparable to 100,000 barrels of oil a day.
  

  Only launder when you have a full load.

• USE ONE LESS PAPER NAPKIN
  During an average year, an American uses approximately 2,200 napkins-around six each day. If everyone in the U.S. used one less napkin a day, more than a billion pounds of napkins could be saved from landfills each year.

• USE BOTH SIDES OF PAPER
  American businesses throw away 21 million tons of paper every year, equal to 175 pounds per office worker. For a quick and easy way to halve this, set your printer’s default option to print double-sided (duplex printing). And when you’re finished with your documents, don’t forget to take them to the recycling bin.

• RECYCLE NEWSPAPER
  There are 63 million newspapers printed each day in the U.S. Of these, 44 million, or about 69%, of them will be thrown away. Recycling just the Sunday papers would save more than half a million trees every week.

• WRAP CREATIVELY
  ou can reuse gift bags, bows and event paper, but you can also make something unique by using old maps, cloth or even newspaper. Flip a paper grocery bag inside out and give your child stamps or markers to create their own wrapping paper that’s environmentally friendly and extra special for the recipient.

• RETHINK BOTTLED WATER
  Nearly 90% of plastic water bottles are not recycled, instead taking thousands of years to decompose. Buy a reusable container and fill it with tap water, a great choice for the environment, your wallet, and possibly your health. The EPA’s standards for tap water are more stringent than the FDA’s standards for bottled water.

• BAN BATHTIME!
  Have a no-bath week, and take showers instead. Baths require almost twice as much water. Not only will you reduce water consumption, but the energy costs associated with heating the water.

• BRUSH WITHOUT RUNNING
  ou’ve heard this one before, but maybe you still do it. You’ll conserve up to five gallons per day if you stop. Daily savings in the U.S. alone could add up to 1.5 billion gallons-more water than folks use in the Big Apple.

• SHOWER WITH YOUR PARTNER
  Sneak in a shower with your loved one to start the day with some zest that doesn’t come in a bar. Not only have you made a wise choice for the environment, but you may notice some other added…um…benefits.

• TAKE A SHORTER SHOWER
  Every two minutes you save on your shower can conserve more than ten gallons of water. If everyone in the country saved just one gallon from their daily shower, over the course of the year it would equal twice the amount of freshwater withdrawn from the Great Lakes every day.

• PLANT A TREE
  It’s good for the air, the land, can shade your house and save on cooling (plant on the west side of your home), and they can also improve the value of your property.
  

  Make it meaningful for the whole family and plant a tree every year for each member.

• USE YOUR CRUISE CONTROL
  You paid for those extra buttons in your car, so put them to work! When using cruise control your vehicle could get up to 15% better mileage. Considering today’s gasoline prices, this is a boon not only for the environment but your budget as well.

• SECOND-HAND DOESN’T MEAN SECOND-BEST
  Consider buying items from a second-hand store. Toys, bicycles, roller blades, and other age and size-specific items are quickly outgrown. Second hand stores often sell these items in excellent condition since they are used for such a short period of time, and will generally buy them back when you no longer need them.

• BUY LOCAL
  Consider the amount of pollution created to get your food from the farm to your table. Whenever possible, buy from local farmers or farmers’ markets, supporting your local economy and reducing the amount of greenhouse gas created when products are flown or trucked in.

• ADJUST YOUR THERMOSTAT
  Adjust your thermostat one degree higher in the summer and one degree cooler in the winter. Each degree celsius less will save about 10% on your energy use! In addition, invest in a programmable thermostat which allows you to regulate temperature based on the times you are at home or away.

• INVEST IN YOUR OWN COFFEE CUP
  If you start every morning with a steamy cup, a quick tabulation can show you that the waste is piling up. Invest in a reusable cup, which not only cuts down on waste, but keeps your beverage hot for a much longer time. Most coffee shops will happily fill your own cup, and many even offer you a discount in exchange!

• BATCH ERRANDS
  Feel like you spend your whole week trying to catch up with the errands? Take a few moments once a week to make a list of all the errands that need to get done, and see if you can batch them into one trip. Not only will you be saving gasoline, but you might find yourself with much better time-management skills.

• TURN OFF LIGHTS
  Always turn off incandescent bulbs when you leave a room. Fluorescent bulbs are more affected by the number of times it is switched on and off, so turn them off when you leave a room for 15 minutes or more. You’ll save energy on the bulb itself, but also on cooling costs, as lights contribute heat to a room.

• GREENER LAWN CARE
  If you must water your lawn, do it early in the morning before any moisture is lost to evaporation. Have a few weeds? Spot treat them with vinegar. Not sure if you should rake? Normal clippings act as a natural fertilizer, let them be. If you’ve waited too long, rake by hand - it’s excellent exercise.

• PICNIC WITH A MARKER
  Some time in between the artichoke dip and the coleslaw, you lost track of your cup, and now there are a sea of matching cups on the table, one of which might be yours. The next time you picnic, set out permanent marker next to disposable dinnerware so guests can mark their cup and everyone will only use one.

• RECYCLE OLD CELL PHONES
  The average cell phone lasts around 18 months, which means 130 million phones will be retired each year. If they go into landfills, the phones and their batteries introduce toxic substances into our environment. There are plenty of reputable programs where you can recycle your phone, many which benefit noble causes.

• MAINTAIN YOUR VEHICLE
  Not only are you extending the life of your vehicle, but you are creating less pollution and saving gas. A properly maintained vehicle, clean air filters, and inflated tires can greatly improve your vehicle’s performance. And it might not hurt to clean out the trunk-all that extra weight could be costing you at the pump.

• RECYCLE UNWANTED WIRE HANGERS
  Wire hangers are generally made of steel, which is often not accepted by some recycling programs. So what do you do with them? Most dry cleaners will accept them back to reuse or recycle.

• CHOOSE GLASS BOTTLES OVER ALUMINUM CANS
  The energy required to produce a single 12 oz. aluminum can from virgin ore is enough to produce nearly two new 12 oz. glass bottles. So the next time you buy a six-pack of beer, opt for glass bottles over aluminum cans. The manufacturing energy conserved could power your television through two Sunday NFL games.

• TELECOMMUTE
  See if you can work out an arrangement with your employer that you work from home for some portion of the week. Not only will you save money and gasoline, and you get to work in your pajamas!

• KEEP YOUR FIREPLACE DAMPER CLOSED
  Keeping the damper open (when you’re not using your fireplace) is like keeping a 48-inch window wide open during the winter; it allows warm air to go right up the chimney. This can add up to hundreds of dollars each winter in energy loss.

• CUT DOWN ON JUNK MAIL
  Feel like you need to lose a few pounds? It might be your junk mail that’s weighing you down. The average American receives 40 pounds of junk mail each year, destroying 100 millions trees. There are many services that can help reduce the clutter in your mailbox, saving trees and the precious space on your countertops.

• CHOOSE MATCHES OVER LIGHTERS
  Most lighters are made out of plastic and filled with butane fuel, both petroleum products. Since most lighters are considered “disposable,” over 1.5 billion end up in landfills each year. When choosing matches, pick cardboard over wood. Wood matches come from trees, whereas most cardboard matches are made from recycled paper.

• LET YOUR FINGERS DO THE WALKING-ONLINE
  Consider if you really need a paper phone book. If not, call to stop phone book delivery and use an online directory instead. Some estimate that telephone books make up almost ten percent of waste at dump sites. And if you still receive the book, don’t forget to recycle your old volumes.

• GIVE IT AWAY
  Before you throw something away, think about if someone else might need it. Either donate to a charitable organization or post it on a web site designed to connect people and things, such as Freecycle.com.

• GO TO A CAR WASH
  Professional car washes are often more efficient with water consumption. If everyone in the U.S. who washes their car themselves took just one visit to the car wash we could save nearly 8.7 billion gallons of water.

• PLASTIC BAGS SUCK
  Each year the U.S. uses 84 billion plastic bags, a significant portion of the 500 billion used worldwide. They are not biodegradable, and are making their way into our oceans, and subsequently, the food chain. Stronger, reusable bags are an inexpensive and readily available option.

• FLY WITH AN E-TICKET
  The cost of processing a paper ticket is approximately $10, while processing an e-ticket costs only $1. In the near future, e-tickets will be the only option, saving the airline industry $3 billion a year. In addition to financial savings, the shear amount of paper eliminated by this process is commendable.

• DOWNLOAD YOUR SOFTWARE
  Most software comes on a compact disc, and more than thirty billion compact discs of all types are sold annually. That’s a huge amount of waste, not to mention the associated packaging. Another bonus to downloading your software is that it’s often available for download at a later date when you upgrade to a new computer or are attempting to recover from a crash.

• STOP YOUR ANSWERING MACHINE
  Answering machines use energy 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And when they break, they’re just one more thing that goes into the landfill. If all answering machines in U.S. homes were eventually replaced by voice mail services, the annual energy savings would total nearly two billion kilowatt-hours.

• SKIP THE COFFEE STIRRER
  Each year, Americans throw away 138 billion straws and stirrers, enough to make a giant straw statue—twenty times taller than the Statue of Liberty! But skipping the stirrer doesn’t mean drinking your coffee black. Simply put your sugar and cream in first, and then pour in the coffee, and it should be well mixed.

• FIND A BETTER WAY TO BREAK THE ICE
  When a big winter storm heads our way, most of us use some sort of ice melter to treat steps and sidewalks. While this makes the sidewalks safer for people, it may pose a hazard for pets who might ingest these products. Rock salt and salt-based ice-melting products can cause health problems as well as contaminate wells and drinking water. Look for a pet-safe deicer, readily available in many stores.

• USE COTTON SWABS WITH A PAPERBOARD SPINDLE
  Some brands of cotton swabs have a paperboard spindle while others are made of plastic. If 10% of U.S. households switched to a paperboard spindle, the petroleum energy saved per year would be equivalent to over 150,000 gallons of gasoline.

• PAY BILLS ONLINE
  By some estimates, if all households in the U.S. paid their bills online and received electronic statements instead of paper, we’d save 18.5 million trees every year, 2.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and 1.7 billion pounds of solid waste.

• STOP PAPER BANK STATEMENTS
  Some banks will pay you a dollar or donate money on your behalf when you cancel the monthly paper statements you get in the mail. If every household took advantage of online bank statements, the money saved could send more than seventeen thousand recent high school graduates to a public university for a year.

• USE RECHARGABLE BATTERIES
  Each year 15 billion batteries produced and sold and most of them are disposable alkaline batteries. Only a fraction of those are recycled. Buy a charger and a few sets of rechargeable batteries. Although it requires an upfront investment, it is one that should pay off in no time. And on Christmas morning when all the stores are closed? You’ll be fully stocked.

• SHARE!
  Take what you’ve learned, and pass the knowledge on to others. If every person you know could take one small step toward being greener, the collective effort could be phenomenal.

Source .http://www.50waystohelp.com/

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